Упражнения на Present Perfect и Past Simple с ответами

Present Perfect и Past Simple оба переводятся на русский прошедшим временем, поэтому их путают чаще всего. Разница в том, что важно говорящему. Если важен результат или опыт к сегодняшнему дню, нужен Present Perfect: I've lost my keys (ключей нет сейчас). Если важно, когда это случилось, нужен Past Simple: I lost my keys yesterday.

Впишите ответ в пропуск и нажмите «Проверить» под упражнением. В переводах нажмите «Сказать» и произнесите фразу по-английски: страница сравнит её с правильным вариантом.

Коротко о правиле

Главное правило: если в предложении назван законченный момент в прошлом (yesterday, last year, two days ago, when I was a child), Present Perfect ставить нельзя. Подробно оба времени разобраны в статьях Present Perfect и Past Simple.

Упражнение 1. Выберите время по маркерам

1. I ___ (see) this film last week. → saw
2. I ___ (see) this film three times. → have seen / 've seen
3. She ___ (finish) her report yesterday. → finished
4. She ___ (already/finish) her report. → has already finished / 's already finished
5. We ___ (live) in Kazan when I was a child. → lived
6. We ___ (live) in Kazan since 2018. → have lived / 've lived
7. He ___ (not/call) me yet. → hasn't called / has not called
8. He ___ (not/call) me last night. → didn't call / did not call
9. They ___ (just/arrive). → have just arrived / 've just arrived
10. They ___ (arrive) an hour ago. → arrived
11. I ___ (never/try) sushi. → have never tried / 've never tried
12. I ___ (try) sushi for the first time in 2020. → tried

Упражнение 2. Вопросы: Have you ever или When did you

Сначала спрашиваем об опыте в Present Perfect, потом уточняем детали в Past Simple.

1. ___ (you/ever/be) to Turkey? → Have you ever been
2. When ___ (you/go) there? → did you go
3. ___ (she/ever/ride) a horse? → Has she ever ridden
4. Where ___ (she/learn) to ride? → did she learn
5. ___ (you/finish) the book yet? → Have you finished
6. What ___ (you/think) of the ending? → did you think
7. How long ___ (you/know) Anna? → have you known
8. Where ___ (you/meet) her? → did you meet

Упражнение 3. Отрицания: haven't или didn't

1. I ___ (not/sleep) well last night. → didn't sleep / did not sleep
2. I ___ (not/eat) anything since breakfast. → haven't eaten / have not eaten
3. She ___ (not/go) to the party on Friday. → didn't go / did not go
4. She ___ (not/be) to a concert for ages. → hasn't been / has not been
5. We ___ (not/see) Tom since the summer. → haven't seen / have not seen
6. We ___ (not/see) Tom at the meeting. → didn't see / did not see
7. My parents ___ (never/fly) on a plane. → have never flown / 've never flown
8. My parents ___ (not/fly) to Sochi, they took the train. → didn't fly / did not fly

Упражнение 4. Since, for или ago

Ago всегда с Past Simple: two days ago. Since и for в значении «до сих пор» требуют Present Perfect.

1. I bought this phone two years ___. → ago
2. I've had this phone ___ two years. → for
3. I've had this phone ___ 2024. → since
4. She started her job three months ___. → ago
5. She has worked here ___ three months. → for
6. They got married ten years ___. → ago
7. They've been married ___ ten years. → for
8. We've been friends ___ school. → since

Упражнение 5. Закончите диалоги

1. A: Have you ever been to London? B: Yes, I ___ (go) there last spring. → went
2. A: Is Kate here? B: No, she ___ (just/leave). → has just left / 's just left
3. A: Where is my phone? B: I don't know. ___ (you/look) in your bag? → Have you looked
4. A: Did you like the concert? B: Yes, it ___ (be) great! → was
5. A: You look tired. B: I ___ (work) twelve hours today. → have worked / 've worked
6. A: Why are you so happy? B: I ___ (pass) my driving test! → have passed / 've passed
7. A: When ___ (you/pass) it? B: This morning. → did you pass
8. A: Do you know this song? B: Of course, I ___ (hear) it many times. → have heard / 've heard
9. A: How was your weekend? B: Great, we ___ (visit) my grandparents. → visited
10. A: Can I borrow your book? B: Sorry, I ___ (not/finish) it yet. → haven't finished / have not finished

Упражнение 6. Переведите на английский

Нажмите «Сказать» и произнесите перевод по-английски. Если удобнее про себя, нажмите «Показать ответ».

1. Мы уже видели этот фильм. ⇒ We've already seen this film.
2. Мы посмотрели его в субботу. ⇒ We watched it on Saturday.
3. Вы когда-нибудь бывали в Москве? ⇒ Have you ever been to Moscow?
4. Когда вы туда ездили? ⇒ When did you go there?
5. Мы знакомы с 2015 года. ⇒ We've known each other since 2015.
6. Мы познакомились десять лет назад. ⇒ We met ten years ago.
7. Она только что пришла. ⇒ She has just arrived.
8. Мы ещё не звонили маме. ⇒ We haven't called Mom yet.
9. Мы позвонили ей вчера вечером. ⇒ We called her last night.
10. Мы никогда не были в Японии. ⇒ We've never been to Japan.

Упражнение 7. Расскажите вслух

Проверки здесь нет: это разминка для речи. Ответьте на вопрос в Present Perfect, а потом добавьте подробность в Past Simple.

• Have you ever been abroad? Where did you go and when?
• What is the best film you have ever seen? When did you see it?
• Have you ever cooked something special? What did you cook?
• Have you read anything good this month? Who recommended it?

Частые ошибки

I have seen him yesterday. С yesterday только Past Simple: I saw him yesterday.

When have you arrived? Вопрос when спрашивает про момент, значит Past Simple: When did you arrive?

I have been in Paris in 2019. Год назван, нужен Past Simple: I was in Paris in 2019.

I know her for five years. Длится до сих пор: I've known her for five years.

Did you ever try it? В разговоре об опыте естественнее Have you ever tried it?

Частые вопросы

Как понять, Present Perfect или Past Simple?

Спросите себя, назван ли момент в прошлом. Если есть yesterday, last week, ago, in 2019 или вопрос when, нужен Past Simple. Если момента нет, а важен результат сейчас или опыт за жизнь, нужен Present Perfect.

Можно ли сказать I have seen him yesterday?

Нет. Yesterday обозначает законченное время, а Present Perfect с такими словами не сочетается. Правильно: I saw him yesterday.

Почему с ago нельзя Present Perfect?

Ago отсчитывает время от сегодняшнего дня назад и указывает конкретный момент в прошлом: two days ago, a year ago. С конкретным моментом нужен Past Simple: I moved here a year ago.

Как отвечать на вопрос Have you ever...?

Короткий ответ: Yes, I have или No, I haven't. Если рассказываете подробности, переходите на Past Simple: Yes, I have. I went there last summer.

Это время есть в американском английском?

Есть, но в американском разговорном Past Simple встречается чаще: Did you eat yet? вместо Have you eaten yet? На экзаменах и в британском английском лучше придерживаться правила.