Упражнения на Past Perfect с ответами

Past Perfect нужен, когда в рассказе о прошлом одно действие случилось раньше другого: When we arrived, the film had already started. Фильм начался раньше, чем мы пришли. Если порядок событий и так ясен, англичане обходятся Past Simple, поэтому Past Perfect встречается в основном в историях, объяснениях и с by the time, already, before.

Впишите ответ в пропуск и нажмите «Проверить» под упражнением. В переводах нажмите «Сказать» и произнесите фразу по-английски: страница сравнит её с правильным вариантом.

Коротко о правиле

• Утверждение: had + третья форма для всех лиц: I had finished, she had finished (разговорное I'd finished).
• Отрицание: hadn't finished.
• Вопрос: Had you finished?
• Маркеры: already, just, never, before, by the time, by 5 o'clock, after, when.
• Обычная пара: раннее действие в Past Perfect, позднее в Past Simple: The train had left when we got to the station.

Подробно правило разобрано в статье Past Perfect.

Упражнение 1. Поставьте глагол в Past Perfect

1. When I got home, everyone ___ (go) to bed. → had gone / 'd gone
2. She was tired because she ___ (work) all day. → had worked / 'd worked
3. We ___ (never/see) the sea before that trip. → had never seen / 'd never seen
4. By the time the police came, the thief ___ (escape). → had escaped
5. I couldn't pay because I ___ (lose) my wallet. → had lost / 'd lost
6. They ___ (already/eat) when we arrived. → had already eaten / 'd already eaten
7. He was nervous. He ___ (never/fly) before. → had never flown / 'd never flown
8. The film ___ (just/start) when the lights went out. → had just started
9. I recognised her because I ___ (meet) her before. → had met / 'd met
10. By 2020 they ___ (live) in Kazan for ten years. → had lived / 'd lived

Упражнение 2. Отрицания и вопросы

1. I ___ (not/finish) my work, so I stayed late. → hadn't finished / had not finished
2. She ___ (not/hear) the news before I told her. → hadn't heard / had not heard
3. We ___ (not/book) a table, so we waited outside. → hadn't booked / had not booked
4. ___ (you/ever/try) Thai food before that day? → Had you ever tried
5. ___ (she/leave) when you called? → Had she left
6. Why ___ (they/not/tell) us? → hadn't they told
7. How long ___ (he/know) her before they got married? → had he known
8. ___ (the film/start) when you arrived? → Had the film started

Упражнение 3. Past Perfect или Past Simple

1. When we got to the station, the train ___ (leave). → had left / 'd left
2. When the film ended, we ___ (go) home. → went
3. After she ___ (finish) her homework, she watched TV. → had finished / finished
4. I ___ (call) her as soon as I heard the news. → called
5. He showed me the photos he ___ (take) in Italy. → had taken / 'd taken
6. I ___ (not/recognise) him at first. He had changed a lot. → didn't recognise / did not recognise / didn't recognize
7. The room was clean. Somebody ___ (clean) it. → had cleaned
8. She ___ (open) the door and went in. → opened
9. By the time I woke up, my parents ___ (leave) for work. → had left
10. We ___ (arrive) at the hotel late at night. → arrived

Упражнение 4. Соедините события с by the time, before и after

1. By the time we arrived, the party ___ (finish). → had finished
2. I ___ (never/travel) abroad before I moved to Spain. → had never travelled / had never traveled
3. After he ___ (lock) the door, he went to bed. → had locked / locked
4. By the end of the day, she ___ (write) ten pages. → had written
5. They had sold all the tickets before we ___ (get) there. → got
6. I realised I ___ (leave) my keys at home. → had left / 'd left
7. By the time the doctor came, the pain ___ (go). → had gone
8. She told me she ___ (already/see) the film. → had already seen / 'd already seen

Упражнение 5. Переведите на английский

Нажмите «Сказать» и произнесите перевод по-английски. Если удобнее про себя, нажмите «Показать ответ».

1. Когда мы пришли, фильм уже начался. ⇒ When we arrived, the film had already started.
2. Поезд ушёл до того, как мы добрались до вокзала. ⇒ The train had left before we got to the station.
3. Она никогда раньше не видела снег. ⇒ She had never seen snow before.
4. Мы поняли, что забыли билеты. ⇒ We realised we had forgotten the tickets. / We realized we had forgotten the tickets.
5. К вечеру они всё закончили. ⇒ By the evening they had finished everything.
6. Вы до этого бывали в Лондоне? ⇒ Had you been to London before?
7. Он сказал, что уже поел. ⇒ He said he had already eaten.
8. Когда мы проснулись, родители уже ушли. ⇒ When we woke up, our parents had already left.
9. Мы не успели позавтракать. ⇒ We hadn't had breakfast. / We had not had breakfast.
10. После того как гости ушли, мы легли спать. ⇒ After the guests had left, we went to bed. / After the guests left, we went to bed.

Упражнение 6. Расскажите вслух

Проверки здесь нет: это разминка для речи. Ответьте полными предложениями.

• What had you never done before you were 18?
• Remember a time you were late. What had already happened when you arrived?
• What had you already done today before you opened this page?
• Tell me about a trip. What had you heard about the place before you went?

Частые ошибки

I had went. Нужна третья форма: I had gone.

When I came, she already left. Ушла раньше: When I came, she had already left.

I had called her yesterday. Одно действие без «раньше чем» в Past Simple: I called her yesterday.

Did you had finished? Вопрос с had: Had you finished?

She told she had seen it. После tell нужен адресат: She told me she had seen it или She said she had seen it.

Частые вопросы

Как образуется Past Perfect?

Had плюс третья форма глагола: I had finished, she had gone. Had одинаковое для всех лиц, в разговоре сокращается до 'd: I'd seen.

Когда нужен Past Perfect, а когда хватит Past Simple?

Past Perfect нужен, чтобы показать, что одно прошлое действие случилось раньше другого и это важно для смысла: When we arrived, the film had started. Если события идут по порядку, достаточно Past Simple: We arrived and the film started.

Обязательно ли Past Perfect после after и before?

Нет. After и before сами показывают порядок, поэтому оба варианта правильные: After he had locked the door, he went to bed и After he locked the door, he went to bed.

Где Past Perfect встречается чаще всего?

В рассказах и книгах, в косвенной речи (She said she had seen it) и в третьем условном: If I had known, I would have come.