Упражнения на пассивный залог в английском с ответами

Пассивный залог нужен, когда важно не кто сделал, а что сделали: The bridge was built in 1900 (мост построили в 1900 году). По-русски мы часто говорим «построили», «сделают», «здесь говорят по-английски», а в английском в таких фразах стоит пассив. Строится он одинаково во всех временах: be в нужном времени + третья форма глагола.

Впишите ответ в пропуск и нажмите «Проверить» под упражнением. В переводах нажмите «Сказать» и произнесите фразу по-английски: страница сравнит её с правильным вариантом.

Коротко о правиле

• Кто сделал, вводят через by: The book was written by Tolstoy. Если исполнитель неважен или понятен, by не нужен.
• Третья форма неправильных глаголов: write, wrote, written; build, built, built.

Подробно правило разобрано в статье Пассивный залог в английском.

Упражнение 1. Present Simple Passive

1. English ___ (speak) all over the world. → is spoken
2. These phones ___ (make) in China. → are made
3. The office ___ (clean) every evening. → is cleaned
4. Breakfast ___ (serve) from 7 to 10. → is served
5. Many cars ___ (sell) online now. → are sold
6. Credit cards ___ (not/accept) here. → aren't accepted / are not accepted
7. Coffee ___ (grow) in Brazil. → is grown
8. ___ (the rooms/clean) every day? → Are the rooms cleaned

Упражнение 2. Past Simple Passive

1. The house ___ (build) in 1950. → was built
2. These photos ___ (take) in Italy. → were taken
3. My bike ___ (steal) last night. → was stolen
4. The letter ___ (write) by hand. → was written
5. We ___ (invite) to the wedding. → were invited
6. The film ___ (direct) by Nolan. → was directed
7. The windows ___ (not/close). → weren't closed / were not closed
8. When ___ (the bridge/build)? → was the bridge built

Упражнение 3. Will be, has been и с модальными

1. The results ___ (publish) tomorrow. → will be published
2. My wallet ___ (find)! → has been found
3. This problem can ___ (solve) easily. → be solved
4. The new hospital ___ (open) next year. → will be opened
5. All the tickets ___ (sell). → have been sold
6. Phones must ___ (switch off) during the exam. → be switched off
7. The work ___ (finish) by Friday. → will be finished
8. Your order ___ (send). → has been sent

Упражнение 4. Из активного в пассивный

1. Someone stole my phone. ⇒ My phone was stolen.
2. They speak English here. ⇒ English is spoken here.
3. Tolstoy wrote War and Peace. ⇒ War and Peace was written by Tolstoy.
4. They will build a new school. ⇒ A new school will be built.
5. Someone has broken the window. ⇒ The window has been broken.
6. People make cheese from milk. ⇒ Cheese is made from milk.

Упражнение 5. Переведите на английский

Нажмите «Сказать» и произнесите перевод по-английски. Если удобнее про себя, нажмите «Показать ответ».

1. Здесь говорят по-английски. ⇒ English is spoken here.
2. Дом построили в прошлом году. ⇒ The house was built last year.
3. У меня украли телефон. ⇒ My phone was stolen. / My phone has been stolen.
4. Письмо отправят завтра. ⇒ The letter will be sent tomorrow.
5. Нас пригласили на свадьбу. ⇒ We were invited to the wedding.
6. Эту книгу написал Пушкин. ⇒ This book was written by Pushkin.
7. Все билеты проданы. ⇒ All the tickets have been sold. / All tickets have been sold.
8. Где сделаны эти фото? ⇒ Where were these photos taken?

Упражнение 6. Расскажите вслух

Проверки здесь нет: это разминка для речи. Ответьте полными предложениями.

• When was your city founded? What is it known for?
• What is your phone made of? Where was it made?
• What languages are spoken in your country?
• Have you ever been invited to a wedding? When?

Частые ошибки

English speaks here. Нужен пассив: English is spoken here.

The house was build. Третья форма: The house was built.

The letter was wrote. Третья форма: The letter was written.

It was made from my mum. Исполнитель через by: It was made by my mum.

My phone stolen. Без be пассива нет: My phone was stolen.

Частые вопросы

Как образуется пассивный залог?

Глагол be в нужном времени плюс третья форма смыслового глагола: is made, was made, will be made, has been made. Время показывает be, а смысл третья форма.

Когда нужен пассив?

Когда исполнитель неизвестен, неважен или очевиден: My bike was stolen (неизвестно кем), The bridge was built in 1900 (важно когда, а не кто). Пассив часто звучит в новостях, инструкциях и официальных текстах.

Нужно ли всегда говорить by?

Нет, только если исполнитель важен: The book was written by Tolstoy. Фразы вроде was stolen by someone или is spoken by people звучат лишне.

Как перевести «мне сказали», «мне дали»?

Через пассив с человеком в начале: I was told, I was given. Например: I was told to wait (мне сказали подождать), I was offered a job (мне предложили работу).