Упражнения на условные предложения в английском с ответами

Условные предложения состоят из двух частей: условие с if и результат. Тип зависит от того, насколько реально условие: всегда правда (нулевой тип), вероятно в будущем (первый), маловероятно или воображаемо (второй), уже не случилось в прошлом (третий). Главная ловушка для русскоязычных: после if не ставят will и would.

Впишите ответ в пропуск и нажмите «Проверить» под упражнением. В переводах нажмите «Сказать» и произнесите фразу по-английски: страница сравнит её с правильным вариантом.

Коротко о правиле

• Во втором типе с I, he, she часто were: If I were you, I'd call her.
• Unless значит «если не»: I'll go unless it rains.

Подробно правило разобрано в статье Условные предложения в английском.

Упражнение 1. Нулевой и первый тип

1. If you heat water to 100 degrees, it ___ (boil). → boils
2. If it ___ (rain) tomorrow, we'll stay at home. → rains
3. If you study hard, you ___ (pass) the exam. → will pass / 'll pass
4. If I ___ (see) Tom, I'll tell him. → see
5. Plants die if they ___ (not/get) water. → don't get / do not get
6. We'll be late if we ___ (not/hurry). → don't hurry / do not hurry
7. If she ___ (call), I'll let you know. → calls
8. If you ___ (mix) red and blue, you get purple. → mix

Упражнение 2. Второй тип

1. If I ___ (have) more time, I would learn Spanish. → had
2. If I won the lottery, I ___ (buy) a house. → would buy / 'd buy
3. If I ___ (be) you, I'd take the job. → were / was
4. She would travel more if she ___ (not/be) so busy. → weren't / wasn't / were not / was not
5. What ___ (you/do) if you saw a ghost? → would you do
6. If we lived by the sea, we ___ (swim) every day. → would swim / 'd swim
7. If he ___ (know) the answer, he would tell you. → knew
8. I ___ (not/do) that if I were you. → wouldn't do / would not do

Упражнение 3. Третий тип

1. If I had known, I ___ (come). → would have come / 'd have come
2. If she ___ (leave) earlier, she wouldn't have missed the train. → had left / 'd left
3. We ___ (not/get) lost if we had taken a map. → wouldn't have got / would not have got / wouldn't have gotten
4. If you ___ (tell) me, I would have helped. → had told / 'd told
5. He would have passed if he ___ (study) more. → had studied / 'd studied
6. If it ___ (not/rain), we would have gone to the beach. → hadn't rained / had not rained

Упражнение 4. Какой тип? Поставьте глагол

1. If you ___ (press) this button, the machine starts. → press
2. If I ___ (be) taller, I would play basketball. → were / was
3. If it's sunny tomorrow, we ___ (go) to the park. → will go / 'll go
4. If they ___ (invite) us, we would have gone. → had invited / 'd invited
5. I'll call you if I ___ (need) help. → need
6. If I had a car, I ___ (drive) to work. → would drive / 'd drive
7. You'll miss the bus unless you ___ (leave) now. → leave
8. If we had left on time, we ___ (not/be) late. → wouldn't have been / would not have been

Упражнение 5. Переведите на английский

Нажмите «Сказать» и произнесите перевод по-английски. Если удобнее про себя, нажмите «Показать ответ».

1. Если будет дождь, мы останемся дома. ⇒ If it rains, we'll stay at home. / If it rains, we will stay at home.
2. Если бы у нас были деньги, мы бы путешествовали. ⇒ If we had money, we would travel. / If we had money, we'd travel.
3. На вашем месте стоило бы согласиться. ⇒ If I were you, I would agree. / If I were you, I'd agree.
4. Если бы мы знали, мы бы пришли. ⇒ If we had known, we would have come. / If we'd known, we'd have come.
5. Позвони, если понадобится помощь. ⇒ Call me if you need help. / Call if you need help.
6. Что бы вы сделали на моём месте? ⇒ What would you do if you were me? / What would you do in my place?
7. Если нагреть лёд, он тает. ⇒ If you heat ice, it melts.
8. Мы не пойдём, если не будет солнца. ⇒ We won't go unless it's sunny. / We won't go if it isn't sunny.

Упражнение 6. Расскажите вслух

Проверки здесь нет: это разминка для речи. Ответьте полными предложениями.

• What will you do if the weather is nice this weekend?
• What would you do if you won a million?
• If you could live in any country, where would you live?
• What would you have done differently if you had known English as a child?

Частые ошибки

If it will rain, we stay home. После if без will: If it rains, we'll stay home.

If I would have money, I would travel. После if без would: If I had money, I would travel.

If I had known, I would come. Про прошлое: I would have come.

If I am you, I would... Воображаемое: If I were you, I would...

Unless it doesn't rain. Unless уже содержит отрицание: unless it rains.

Частые вопросы

Почему после if нельзя will?

В английском условие всегда в более «раннем» времени, чем результат: настоящее для будущего, прошедшее для воображаемого. Will и would стоят только в части с результатом: If it rains, we will stay home.

Чем первый тип отличается от второго?

Первый тип о реальном будущем: If I have time, I'll call you (вполне может быть). Второй о воображаемом или маловероятном: If I had time, I would call you (но времени нет).

Почему If I were, а не If I was?

Were для всех лиц во втором типе считается правильным и книжным вариантом, особенно в выражении If I were you. В разговоре часто говорят If I was, и это тоже понятно, но на экзаменах лучше were.

Можно ли начинать с результата?

Да: We'll stay home if it rains. Если условие стоит в начале, после него ставят запятую, если в конце, запятая не нужна.