Упражнения на модальные глаголы в английском с ответами

Модальные глаголы показывают отношение к действию: умею (can), должен (must, have to), стоит (should), возможно (may, might). У них свои правила: после них глагол без to, у них нет окончания -s, а вопросы и отрицания они строят сами, без do.

Впишите ответ в пропуск и нажмите «Проверить» под упражнением. В переводах нажмите «Сказать» и произнесите фразу по-английски: страница сравнит её с правильным вариантом.

Коротко о правиле

• После модального глагола глагол без to: I can swim, не I can to swim. Исключение: have to.
• Mustn't значит «нельзя», а don't have to значит «не обязательно». Путать их опасно.

Подробно правило разобрано в статье Модальные глаголы в английском.

Упражнение 1. Can или can't, could или couldn't

1. I ___ swim, but I'm not very fast. → can
2. She ___ speak French. She never learned it. → can't / cannot
3. When I was five, I ___ already read. → could
4. ___ you help me with this box? → Can / Could
5. We ___ find a taxi, so we walked home. → couldn't / could not
6. ___ I open the window? It's hot. → Can / May / Could
7. Sorry, I ___ come tonight. I'm working. → can't / cannot
8. He ___ play the guitar when he was a teenager. → could

Упражнение 2. Must, mustn't или have to

1. You ___ smoke in the hospital. It's forbidden. → mustn't / must not
2. I ___ get up at 6 every day for work. → have to
3. It's a great book. You ___ read it! → must
4. She ___ wear a uniform at school. → has to
5. Passengers ___ use phones during take-off. → mustn't / must not
6. We ___ hurry, or we'll miss the train. → must / have to
7. Do you ___ work on Saturdays? → have to
8. He ___ take the exam again because he failed. → has to

Упражнение 3. Mustn't или don't have to

1. You ___ come if you're busy. It's not important. → don't have to / do not have to
2. You ___ touch the oven. It's very hot! → mustn't / must not
3. Tomorrow is Sunday, so I ___ get up early. → don't have to / do not have to
4. You ___ tell anyone. It's a secret. → mustn't / must not
5. She ___ cook tonight. We're going to a restaurant. → doesn't have to / does not have to
6. Children ___ play near the road. → mustn't / must not

Упражнение 4. Should или shouldn't

1. You look tired. You ___ go to bed. → should
2. You ___ eat so much sugar. → shouldn't / should not
3. It's cold. You ___ wear a hat. → should
4. He ___ drive so fast. It's dangerous. → shouldn't / should not
5. What do you think I ___ do? → should
6. You ___ miss this film. It's brilliant. → shouldn't / should not

Упражнение 5. May, might или can

1. Take an umbrella. It ___ rain later. → might / may
2. ___ I come in? → May / Can / Could
3. I'm not sure about the party. I ___ go, but I'm very tired. → might / may
4. She ___ be at home. Her light is on. → might / may / must
5. ___ I ask you a question? → May / Can / Could
6. We ___ visit Spain next year, but we haven't decided. → might / may

Упражнение 6. Переведите на английский

Нажмите «Сказать» и произнесите перевод по-английски. Если удобнее про себя, нажмите «Показать ответ».

1. Я умею плавать. ⇒ I can swim.
2. Можно мне войти? ⇒ May I come in? / Can I come in?
3. Тебе стоит отдохнуть. ⇒ You should rest. / You should have a rest.
4. Здесь нельзя курить. ⇒ You mustn't smoke here. / You can't smoke here.
5. Тебе не обязательно приходить. ⇒ You don't have to come.
6. Мне нужно работать в субботу. ⇒ I have to work on Saturday.
7. Может пойти дождь. ⇒ It might rain. / It may rain.
8. Не могли бы вы мне помочь? ⇒ Could you help me? / Could you help me, please?
9. Вам обязательно нужно это увидеть! ⇒ You must see it! / You must see this!
10. В детстве мы умели кататься на коньках. ⇒ We could skate when we were children. / We could skate when we were kids.

Упражнение 7. Расскажите вслух

Проверки здесь нет: это разминка для речи. Ответьте полными предложениями.

• What can you do well? What couldn't you do as a child?
• What do you have to do every day, even if you don't want to?
• What advice should a tourist in your city get?
• What might you do next weekend?

Частые ошибки

I can to swim. Без to: I can swim.

She cans speak English. Без -s: She can speak English.

Do you can help me? Без do: Can you help me?

You mustn't come в значении «не обязательно». Правильно: You don't have to come.

I must to go. Без to: I must go. Или I have to go.

Частые вопросы

Чем must отличается от have to?

Must обычно выражает необходимость по собственному решению или сильный совет: I must call my mum. Have to говорит о необходимости из-за обстоятельств и правил: I have to wear a uniform. В прошлом у must нет формы, поэтому говорят had to.

Чем mustn't отличается от don't have to?

Mustn't значит запрет, «нельзя»: You mustn't park here. Don't have to значит «не обязательно, можно не делать»: You don't have to come. Если перепутать, смысл меняется на противоположный.

Почему после модальных глаголов нет to?

Так исторически сложилось: модальные глаголы ведут себя как вспомогательные, и после них стоит голый инфинитив: can swim, must go, should rest. Исключения: have to, ought to, need to.

Что вежливее: can или could?

Could звучит мягче и вежливее: Could you help me? Can в просьбе тоже правильно, но проще и дружелюбнее, так говорят со знакомыми.